|
Official development assistance (ODA) is a term coined by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to measure aid. The DAC first used the term in 1969. It is widely used as an indicator of international aid flow. It includes some loans. Most ODA comes from the 28 members of the DAC, or about $135 billion in 2013. A further $15.9 billion came from the European Commission and non-DAC countries gave an additional $9.4 billion. Although development aid rose in 2013 to the highest level ever recorded, a trend of a falling share of aid going to the neediest sub-Saharan African countries continued.〔 ==Definition== The full definition of ODA is: In other words, ODA needs to contain the three elements: (a) undertaken by the official sector (official agencies, including state and local governments, or their executive agencies)() (b) with promotion of economic development and welfare as the main objective; and (c) at concessional financial terms (if a loan, having a grant element of at least 25 per cent). This definition is used to exclude development aid from the two other categories of aid from DAC members: * Official Aid (OA): Flows which meet conditions of eligibility for inclusion in Official Development Assistance (ODA), other than the fact that the recipients are on Part II of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) List of Aid Recipients. * Other Official Flows (OOF): Transactions by the official sector with countries on the List of Aid Recipients which do not meet the conditions for eligibility as Official Development Assistance or Official Aid, either because they are not primarily aimed at development, or because they have a grant element of less than 25 per cent. Examples: If a donor country accords a grant or a concessional loan to Afghanistan it is classified as ODA, because it is on the Part I list. If a donor country accords a grant or a concessional loan to Bahrain it is classified as OA, because it is on the Part II list. If a donor country gives military assistance to any other country or territory it is classified as OOF, because it is not aimed at development. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「official development assistance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|